Name

Library

Synopsis

Detailed description

The random and srandom functions have (almost) the same calling sequence and initialization properties as the rand3 and srand3 functions. The difference is that rand3 produces a much less random sequence — in fact, the low dozen bits generated by rand go through a cyclic pattern. All the bits generated by random are usable. For example, 'random()&01' will produce a random binary value.

Like rand, random will by default produce a sequence of numbers that can be duplicated by calling srandom with ‘1’ as the seed.

The srandomdev routine initializes a state array using the random random number device which returns good random numbers, suitable for cryptographic use. Note that this particular seeding procedure can generate states which are impossible to reproduce by calling srandom with any value, since the succeeding terms in the state buffer are no longer derived from the LC algorithm applied to a fixed seed.

The initstate routine allows a state array, passed in as an argument, to be initialized for future use. The size of the state array (in bytes) is used by initstate to decide how sophisticated a random number generator it should use — the more state, the better the random numbers will be. (Current "optimal" values for the amount of state information are 8, 32, 64, 128, and 256 bytes; other amounts will be rounded down to the nearest known amount. Using less than 8 bytes will cause an error.) The seed for the initialization (which specifies a starting point for the random number sequence, and provides for restarting at the same point) is also an argument. The initstate function returns a pointer to the previous state information array.

Once a state has been initialized, the setstate routine provides for rapid switching between states. The setstate function returns a pointer to the previous state array; its argument state array is used for further random number generation until the next call to initstate or setstate.

Once a state array has been initialized, it may be restarted at a different point either by calling initstate (with the desired seed, the state array, and its size) or by calling both setstate (with the state array) and srandom (with the desired seed). The advantage of calling both setstate and srandom is that the size of the state array does not have to be remembered after it is initialized.

With 256 bytes of state information, the period of the random number generator is greater than 2⁶⁹⁰, which should be sufficient for most purposes.

Examples

//Illustrates how to use random API.
#include <stdlib.h>
void  randomTest()
{
      long randNum;
       // Function call to generate the random number.
       randNum = random();
       //print the random number generated.
       printf(“ random number is %d \n”,randNum);
}

         

Output

random number is 1804289383

         

Diagnostics

See also

These functions appeared in BSD 4.2.

Authors

Bugs

The historical implementation used to have a very weak seeding; the random sequence did not vary much with the seed. The current implementation employs a better pseudo-random number generator for the initial state calculation.

Applications requiring cryptographic quality randomness should use arc4random

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